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CHAPTER I—THE CRUSADERS IN EGYPT
The Ideal of the Crusader: Saladin's Campaign: Richard I. in Palestine: Siege of Damietta: St. Louis in Egypt: The Mamluks: Beybars' Policy.
The traditional history of the Christian Church has generally maintained that the Crusades were due solely to religious influence and sprang from ideal and moral motives: those hundreds of thousands of warriors who went out to the East were religious enthusiasts,... more...
CHAPTER I—EGYPT UNDER THE ROMAN EMPIRE
The Roman dominion on the Nile: Settlement of the Egyptian frontiers: Religious developments: Rebellions.
Augustus began his reign in Egypt in B.C. 30 by ordering all the statues of Antony, of which there were more than fifty ornamenting the various public buildings of the city, to be broken to pieces; and it is said he had the meanness to receive a bribe of one thousand talents from Archibus, a... more...
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY
HELLENISM AND HEBRÆISM IN EGYPT UNDER THE PTOLEMIES
I.
When Alexander the Great bridged the gulf dividing Occident and Orient, the Greeks had attained to a state of maturity in the development of their national art and literature. Greek culture and civilisation, passing beyond the boundaries of their national domain, crossed this bridge and spread over the Asiatic world. To perpetuate his name, the great Macedonian... more...
HOW ROME WAS FOUNDED.
Very far back in time, more than twenty-six hundred years ago, on the banks of a small Italian river, known as the Tiber, were laid the foundations of a city which was in time to become the conqueror of the civilized world. Of the early days of this renowned city of Rome we know very little. What is called its history is really only legend,—stories invented by poets, or ancient facts which became gradually changed... more...
CHAPTER I.
GIBBON'S EARLY LIFE UP TO THE TIME OF HIS LEAVING OXFORD.
Edward Gibbon was born at Putney, near London, on 27th April in the year 1737. After the reformation of the calendar his birthday became the 8th of May. He was the eldest of a family of seven children; but his five brothers and only sister all died in early infancy, and he could remember in after life his sister alone, whom he also regretted.
FOOTNOTES:
Gibbon's Memoirs... more...
DURATION OF TIME
M. Asinius Marcellus, Manius Acilius Aviola.(A.D. 54 = a.u. 807 = First of Nero, from Oct. 13th).Nero Caesar Aug., L. Antistius Vetus.(A.D. 55 = a.u. 808 = Second of Nero).Q. Volusius Saturninus, P. Cornelius Scipio.(A.D. 56 = a.u. 809 = Third of Nero).Nero Caesar Aug. (II), L. Calpurnius Piso.(A.D. 57 = a.u. 810 = Fourth of Nero).Nero Caesar Aug. (III), M. Valerius Messala.(A.D. 58 = a.u. 811 = Fifth of Nero).C. Vipsanius... more...
BOOK 45, BOSSEVAIN.)
[B.C. 44 (a. u.710)]
[-1-] This was Antony's course of procedure.—Gaius Octavius Copia,—this was the name of the son of Caesar's niece, Attia,—came from Velitrae in the Volscian country, and having been left without a protector by the death of his father Octavius he was brought up in the house of his mother and her husband, Lucius Philippus, but on attaining maturity spent his time with Caesar. The latter,... more...
THE ARGUMENT.
The Introduction, I.-IV. The character of Catiline, V. Virtues of the ancient Romans, VI.-IX. Degeneracy of their posterity, X.-XIII. Catiline's associates and supporters, and the arts by which he collected them, XIV. His crimes and wretchedness, XV. His tuition of his accomplices, and resolution to subvert the government, XVI. His convocation of the conspirators, and their names, XVII. His concern in a former conspiracy, XVIII.,... more...
"Corruption" in Ancient Rome And Its Counterpart in Modern History
Two years ago in Paris, while giving a course of lectures on Augustus at the Collège de France, I happened to say to an illustrious historian, a member of the French Academy, who was complimenting me: "But I have not remade Roman history, as many admirers think. On the contrary, it might be said, in a certain sense, that I have only returned to the old way. I have retaken... more...
MESOPOTAMIA.—THE MOUNDS.—THE FIRST SEARCHERS.
1. In or about the year before Christ 606, Nineveh, the great city, was destroyed. For many hundred years had she stood in arrogant splendor, her palaces towering above the Tigris and mirrored in its swift waters; army after army had gone forth from her gates and returned laden with the spoils of conquered countries; her monarchs had ridden to the high place of sacrifice in chariots drawn... more...